The effect of physical activity interventions on executive functions in children with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a commonly diagnosed behavioral in school-aged children. A core symptom of ADHD difficulties with executive functions (EF). Physical activity (PA) interventions are proposed to be valuable addition traditional treatment approaches for ADHD. This systematic review examined the evidence effect chronic PA on EF, specifically, inhibition, shifting, working memory, and attention children compared no treatment. The moderating impact cognitive demand methylphenidate (MPH) EF was also examined. Methods meta-analyses were conducted following Cochrane Guidelines Systematic Reviews. protocol published PROSPERO (CRD42018099617); seven databases searched, 3690 results screened by two independent researchers. Based inclusion exclusion criteria, 12 eligible studies included, separate each domain, including subgroups high vs low demand, MPH-intake vs. MPH-free. Results showed beneficial effects all 95%-CI compatible positive shifting (SMD = ?1.58; [?3.12; ?0.04]) memory (SMD = ?0.99; [?1.80; ?0.18])only. Cognitive differed its depending domain EF. Benefits lesser those taking MPH, though subgroup differences statistically non-significant. Conclusion Children benefit from leading enhanced functioning performance. However, demands need considered when contemplating as an adjunctive option.